CLINICAL PROFILE OF CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT COMORBIDITIES HOSPITALIZED WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical profile of children and adolescents hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). They were divided into two groups: those with and those without comorbidities. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study with prospective data collection, was carried out in a cohort of patients aged zero to 11, who were hospitalized with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia, from January 2010 to January 2012. As an exploratory study, the two groups were compared through logistic regression for possible risk factors associated with community-acquired pneumonia. Relative risk (RR) was used with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The process of selection for independent variables was stepwise forward, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: There were 121 cases of community-acquired pneumonia evaluated, and 47.9% had comorbidities. In the bivariate analysis, patients with comorbidities demonstrated higher chances for: age >60 months (p=0.005), malnutrition (p=0.002), previous use of antibiotics (p=0.008) and previous hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia in the last 24 months (p=0.004). In the multivariate analysis, these variables were independent predictors of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with the comorbidities: age >60 months (p=0.002; RR=5.39; 95%CI 1.89-15.40); malnutrition (p=0.008; RR=1.75; 95%CI 1.75-44.60); previous use of antibiotics (p=0.0013; RR=3.03; 95%CI 1.27-7.20); and previous hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia (p=0.035; RR=2.91; 95%CI 1.08-7.90). CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with community-acquired pneumonia and comorbidities were aged >60 months, were malnourished, had used antibiotics and had been hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. Comorbidities were associated with a higher chance of malnutrition and hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia in an older age group, compared to children without comorbidities. Knowledge of this clinical profile may contribute to better assist pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia hospitalized in referral centers.

Reference values for spirometry in Brazilian children.

OBJECTIVE: To generate reference values for spirometry in Brazilian children 3-12 years of age and to compare those values with the values employed in the equations currently in use in Brazil. METHODS: This study involved healthy children, 3-12 years of age, recruited from 14 centers (primary data) and spirometry results from children with the same characteristics in six databases (secondary data). Reference equations by quantile regressions were generated after log transformation of the spirometric and anthropometric data. Skin color was classified as self-reported by the participants. To determine the suitability of the results obtained, they were compared with those predicted by the equations currently in use in Brazil. RESULTS: We included 1,990 individuals from a total of 21 primary and secondary data sources. Of those, 1,059 (53%) were female. Equations for FEV1, FVC, the FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF between 25% and 75% of the FVC (FEF25-75%) and the FEF25-75%/FVC ratio were generated for white-, black-, and brown-skinned children. The logarithms for height and age, together with skin color, were the best predictors of FEV1 and FVC. The reference values obtained were significantly higher than those employed in the equations currently in use in Brazil, for predicted values, as well as for the lower limit of normality, particularly in children with self-reported black or brown skin. CONCLUSIONS: New spirometric equations were generated for Brazilian children 3-12 years of age, in the three skin-color categories defined. The equations currently in use in Brazil seem to underestimate the lung function of Brazilian children 3-12 years of age and should be replaced by the equations proposed in this study.

Clinical profile of children with and without comorbidities hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia / Perfil clínico de crianças com e sem comorbidades hospitalizadas com pneumonia adquirida na comunidade

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical profile of children and adolescents hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). They were divided into two groups: those with and those without comorbidities. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study with prospective data collection, was carried out in a cohort of patients aged zero to 11, who were hospitalized with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia, from January 2010 to January 2012. As an exploratory study, the two groups were compared through logistic regression for possible risk factors associated with community-acquired pneumonia. Relative risk (RR) was used with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The process of selection for independent variables was stepwise forward, with a significance level of 5%. Results: There were 121 cases of community-acquired pneumonia evaluated, and 47.9% had comorbidities. In the bivariate analysis, patients with comorbidities demonstrated higher chances for: age >60 months (p=0.005), malnutrition (p=0.002), previous use of antibiotics (p=0.008) and previous hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia in the last 24 months (p=0.004). In the multivariate analysis, these variables were independent predictors of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with the comorbidities: age >60 months (p=0.002; RR=5.39; 95%CI 1.89-15.40); malnutrition (p=0.008; RR=1.75; 95%CI 1.75-44.60); previous use of antibiotics (p=0.0013; RR=3.03; 95%CI 1.27-7.20); and previous hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia (p=0.035; RR=2.91; 95%CI 1.08-7.90). Conclusions: Most patients with community-acquired pneumonia and comorbidities were aged >60 months, were malnourished, had used antibiotics and had been hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. Comorbidities were associated with a higher chance of malnutrition and hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia in an older age group, compared to children without comorbidities. Knowledge of this clinical profile may contribute to better assist pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia hospitalized in referral centers.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico de crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados com pneumonia adquirida na comunidade, separando-os em dois grupos: com e sem comorbidades. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo, com coleta prospectiva de dados, realizado na coorte de pacientes de zero a 11 anos, hospitalizados com diagnósticos clínico e radiológico de pneumonia adquirida na comunidade de janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2012. De modo exploratório, buscou-se comparar os dois grupos por regressão logística quanto a possíveis fatores de risco para pneumonia adquirida na comunidade, por meio de risco relativo (RR) com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). O processo de seleção das variáveis independentes foi o de stepwise forward, a 5%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 121 casos; 47,9% tinham comorbidades. Na análise bivariada, pacientes com comorbidades mostraram maiores chances de apresentar: idade >60 meses (p=0,005), desnutrição (p=0,002), uso prévio de antibióticos (p=0,008) e hospitalização por pneumonia adquirida na comunidade nos últimos 24 meses (p=0,004). Na análise multivariada, estas foram variáveis preditoras independentes para pneumonia adquirida na comunidade, nos pacientes com comorbidades: idade >60 meses (p=0,002; RR=5,39; IC95% 1,89-15,40); desnutrição (p=0,008; RR=1,75; IC95% 1,75-44,60); uso prévio de antimicrobianos (p=0,0013; RR=3,03; IC95% 1,27-7,20) e hospitalização prévia por pneumonia adquirida na comunidade (p=0,035; RR=2,91; IC95% 1,08-7,90). Conclusões: A maioria dos pacientes com pneumonia adquirida na comunidade e comorbidades tinha idade >60 meses, desnutrição, fizera uso prévio de antibióticos e havia sido hospitalizado por pneumonia adquirida na comunidade. As comorbidades relacionam-se à maior chance de desnutrição e a hospitalizações por pneumonia adquirida na comunidade em faixa etária mais elevada do que crianças sem comorbidades. O conhecimento desse perfil clínico pode contribuir para melhor assistência da pneumonia adquirida na comunidade em pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados em serviços de referência.

Reference values for spirometry in Brazilian children / Valores de referência de espirometria para crianças brasileiras

ABSTRACT Objective: To generate reference values for spirometry in Brazilian children 3-12 years of age and to compare those values with the values employed in the equations currently in use in Brazil. Methods: This study involved healthy children, 3-12 years of age, recruited from 14 centers (primary data) and spirometry results from children with the same characteristics in six databases (secondary data). Reference equations by quantile regressions were generated after log transformation of the spirometric and anthropometric data. Skin color was classified as self-reported by the participants. To determine the suitability of the results obtained, they were compared with those predicted by the equations currently in use in Brazil. Results: We included 1,990 individuals from a total of 21 primary and secondary data sources. Of those, 1,059 (53%) were female. Equations for FEV1, FVC, the FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF between 25% and 75% of the FVC (FEF25-75%) and the FEF25-75%/FVC ratio were generated for white-, black-, and brown-skinned children. The logarithms for height and age, together with skin color, were the best predictors of FEV1 and FVC. The reference values obtained were significantly higher than those employed in the equations currently in use in Brazil, for predicted values, as well as for the lower limit of normality, particularly in children with self-reported black or brown skin. Conclusions: New spirometric equations were generated for Brazilian children 3-12 years of age, in the three skin-color categories defined. The equations currently in use in Brazil seem to underestimate the lung function of Brazilian children 3-12 years of age and should be replaced by the equations proposed in this study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Gerar valores de referência para espirometria em crianças brasileiras de 3-12 anos de idade e comparar os resultados obtidos com as equações em uso no Brasil. Métodos: Foram incluídas crianças sadias de 3-12 anos recrutadas em 14 centros (dados primários) e resultados de espirometria de crianças com as mesmas características de seis bancos de dados (dados secundários). As equações quantílicas foram geradas após transformações logarítmicas dos dados espirométricos e antropométricos. A classificação por cor da pele foi autodeclarada. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os previstos nas equações em uso no Brasil para testar sua adequação. Resultados: Foram incluídos 1.990 indivíduos de 21 fontes de dados primários e secundários, sendo 1.059 (53%) do sexo feminino. Equações para VEF1, CVF, VEF1/CVF, FEF25-75% e FEF25-75%/CVF foram geradas para crianças brancas e para crianças negras e pardas. Os logaritmos da estatura e da idade e a cor da pele foram os melhores preditores para VEF1 e CVF. Os resultados obtidos foram significativamente maiores do que as estimativas geradas pelas equações em uso no Brasil, tanto para valores previstos quanto para o limite inferior da normalidade, particularmente em crianças negras e pardas. Conclusões: Novas equações espirométricas foram geradas para crianças brasileiras de 3-12 anos de cor branca, negra e parda. As equações atualmente em uso no Brasil parecem subestimar a função pulmonar de crianças brasileiras menores de 12 anos de idade e deveriam ser substituídas pelas equações propostas neste estudo.

Infecção respiratória aguda baixa em crianças indígenas guarani, brasil / Acute lower respiratory infection in guarani indigenous children, brazil

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico e o tratamento realizado nas crianças da etnia Guarani menores de cinco anos hospitalizadas por infecção respiratória aguda baixa (IRAB), residentes em aldeias nos estados do Rio de Janeiro ao Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Das 234 crianças, 23 foram excluídas (dados incompletos), sendo analisadas 211. Os dados foram extraídos dos prontuários por meio de formulário. Com base no registro de sibilância e padrão radiológico, a IRAB foi classificada em: bacteriana, viral e viral-bacteriana. Foi utilizada regressão multinomial para análise bivariada. Resultados: A mediana de idade foi de 11 meses. Do total da amostra, os casos de IRAB foram assim distribuídos: viral (40,8%), bacteriana (35,1%) e viral-bacteriana (24,1%). Verificou-se que 53,1% das hospitalizações não possuíam evidências clínico-radiológico-laboratoriais que as justificassem. Na análise de regressão multinomial, ao comparar a IRAB bacteriana com a viral-bacteriana, a chance de ter tosse foi 3,1 vezes maior na primeira (intervalos de 95% de confiança - IC95% 1,11-8,70) e de ter tiragem 61,0% menor (Odds Ratio - OR 0,39, IC95% 0,16-0,92). Na comparação da IRAB viral com a viral-bacteriana, a chance de ser do sexo masculino foi 2,2 vezes maior na viral (IC95% 1,05-4,69) e de ter taquipneia, 58,0% menor (OR 0,42, IC95% 0,19-0,92) na mesma categoria. Conclusões: Identificou-se maior proporção de processos virais do que processos bacterianos, bem como a presença de infecção viral-bacteriana. A tosse foi um sintoma indicativo de infecção bacteriana, enquanto a tiragem e a taquipneia apontaram infecção viral-bacteriana. Parte da resolubilidade da IRAB não grave ocorreu em âmbito hospitalar; portanto, propõe-se que os serviços priorizem ações que visem à melhoria da assistência à saúde indígena na atenção primária.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical profile and treatment of Brazilian Guarani indigenous children aged less than five years hospitalized for acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), living in villages in the states from Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: Of the 234 children, 23 were excluded (incomplete data). The analysis was conducted in 211 children. Data were extracted from charts by a form. Based on record of wheezing and x-ray findings, ALRI was classified as bacterial, viral and viral-bacterial. A bivariate analysis was conducted using multinomial regression. Results: Median age was 11 months. From the total sample, the ALRI cases were classified as viral (40.8%), bacterial (35.1%) and viral-bacterial (24.1%). It was verified that 53.1% of hospitalizations did not have clinical-radiological-laboratorial evidence to justify them. In the multinomial regression analysis, the comparison of bacterial and viral-bacterial showed the likelihood of having a cough was 3.1 times higher in the former (95%CI 1.11-8.70), whereas having chest retractions was 61.0% lower (OR 0.39, 95%CI 0.16-0.92). Comparing viral with viral-bacterial, the likelihood of being male was 2.2 times higher in the viral (95%CI 1.05-4.69), and of having tachypnea 58.0% lower (OR 0.42, 95%CI 0.19-0.92). Conclusions: Higher proportion of viral processes was identified, as well as viral-bacterial co-infections. Coughing was a symptom indicative of bacterial infection, whereas chest retractions and tachypnea showed viral-bacterial ALRI. Part of the resolution of non-severe ALRI still occurs at hospital level; therefore, we concluded that health services need to implement their programs in order to improve indigenous primary care.

ACUTE LOWER RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN GUARANI INDIGENOUS CHILDREN, BRAZIL. / INFECÇÃO RESPIRATÓRIA AGUDA BAIXA EM CRIANÇAS INDÍGENAS GUARANI, BRASIL.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical profile and treatment of Brazilian Guarani indigenous children aged less than five years hospitalized for acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), living in villages in the states from Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul. METHODS: Of the 234 children, 23 were excluded (incomplete data). The analysis was conducted in 211 children. Data were extracted from charts by a form. Based on record of wheezing and x-ray findings, ALRI was classified as bacterial, viral and viral-bacterial. A bivariate analysis was conducted using multinomial regression. RESULTS: Median age was 11 months. From the total sample, the ALRI cases were classified as viral (40.8%), bacterial (35.1%) and viral-bacterial (24.1%). It was verified that 53.1% of hospitalizations did not have clinical-radiological-laboratorial evidence to justify them. In the multinomial regression analysis, the comparison of bacterial and viral-bacterial showed the likelihood of having a cough was 3.1 times higher in the former (95%CI 1.11-8.70), whereas having chest retractions was 61.0% lower (OR 0.39, 95%CI 0.16-0.92). Comparing viral with viral-bacterial, the likelihood of being male was 2.2 times higher in the viral (95%CI 1.05-4.69), and of having tachypnea 58.0% lower (OR 0.42, 95%CI 0.19-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Higher proportion of viral processes was identified, as well as viral-bacterial co-infections. Coughing was a symptom indicative of bacterial infection, whereas chest retractions and tachypnea showed viral-bacterial ALRI. Part of the resolution of non-severe ALRI still occurs at hospital level; therefore, we concluded that health services need to implement their programs in order to improve indigenous primary care.

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil clínico e o tratamento realizado nas crianças da etnia Guarani menores de cinco anos hospitalizadas por infecção respiratória aguda baixa (IRAB), residentes em aldeias nos estados do Rio de Janeiro ao Rio Grande do Sul. MÉTODOS: Das 234 crianças, 23 foram excluídas (dados incompletos), sendo analisadas 211. Os dados foram extraídos dos prontuários por meio de formulário. Com base no registro de sibilância e padrão radiológico, a IRAB foi classificada em: bacteriana, viral e viral-bacteriana. Foi utilizada regressão multinomial para análise bivariada. RESULTADOS: A mediana de idade foi de 11 meses. Do total da amostra, os casos de IRAB foram assim distribuídos: viral (40,8%), bacteriana (35,1%) e viral-bacteriana (24,1%). Verificou-se que 53,1% das hospitalizações não possuíam evidências clínico-radiológico-laboratoriais que as justificassem. Na análise de regressão multinomial, ao comparar a IRAB bacteriana com a viral-bacteriana, a chance de ter tosse foi 3,1 vezes maior na primeira (intervalos de 95% de confiança - IC95% 1,11-8,70) e de ter tiragem 61,0% menor (Odds Ratio - OR 0,39, IC95% 0,16-0,92). Na comparação da IRAB viral com a viral-bacteriana, a chance de ser do sexo masculino foi 2,2 vezes maior na viral (IC95% 1,05-4,69) e de ter taquipneia, 58,0% menor (OR 0,42, IC95% 0,19-0,92) na mesma categoria. CONCLUSÕES: Identificou-se maior proporção de processos virais do que processos bacterianos, bem como a presença de infecção viral-bacteriana. A tosse foi um sintoma indicativo de infecção bacteriana, enquanto a tiragem e a taquipneia apontaram infecção viral-bacteriana. Parte da resolubilidade da IRAB não grave ocorreu em âmbito hospitalar; portanto, propõe-se que os serviços priorizem ações que visem à melhoria da assistência à saúde indígena na atenção primária.

Empyema and bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in children under five years of age.

We compared bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (BPP) and pneumococcal empyema (PE), in terms of clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings, in under-fives. A cross-sectional nested cohort study, involving under-fives (102 with PE and 128 with BPP), was conducted at 12 centers in Argentina, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic. Among those with PE, mean age was higher; disease duration was longer; and tachypnea, dyspnea, and high leukocyte counts were more common. Among those with BPP, fever and lethargy were more common. It seems that children with PE can be distinguished from those with BPP on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings. Because both conditions are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, prompt diagnosis is crucial.

O estresse em crianças e adolescentes com asma / Stress in children and adolescents with asthma

Objetivos: verificar a presença do estresse em crianças e adolescentes com asma e avaliar a associação do estresse com variáveis clínicas e psicossociais. Método: estudo transversal com crianças e adolescentes asmáticos entre 7 e 12 anos de idade, atendidos em ambulatório de pneumologia pediátrica. Utilizou-se a Escala de Estresse Infantil, o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil equestionário padronizado para coleta de informações. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste qui-quadrado, curva ROC, teste exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney, sendo utilizado o modelo de regressão logística após análise univariada. Resultados: o estresse foi detectado em 38 por cento (19/50) dos pacientes, com predomínio de reações psicológicas. Foram encontradas associações com significância estatística entre o estresse e dificuldades escolares (p = 0,026), classe sócio-econômica C2 e D (p=0,013) e sintomas da doença há sete anos ou menos (p = 0,0037). Estas associaçõespermaneceram após a regressão logística. Não foram encontradas associações com significância estatística entre a gravidade da asma e o estresse. Conclusões: houve estresse em mais de um terço dos casos de crianças e adolescentes com asma. Houve maior frequência de estresse em crianças e adolescentes de classes sócio-econômicas desfavorecidas e naqueles que apresentavam sintomas de asma em período inferior ou igual a 7 anos e com dificuldades escolares.(AU)

Stress in children and adolescents with asthma / O estresse em crianças e adolescentes com asma

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate stress in children and adolescents with asthma and its association with clinical and psychosocial features. METHODS: cross-sectional study conducted with asthmatic children and adolescents between 7 and 12 years old, seen at the pediatric pulmonary outpatient clinic. The Stress Childhood Scale, the Criterion of Economic Classification Brazil and a questionnaire were used to collect data. Statistical analysis was realized using the Chi-square Test, ROC curve, Fisher Test and Mann-Whitney. A logistic regression analysis model was used after univariety analysis. RESULTS: stress was detected in 38 percent (19/50) of the patients, with predominance of psychological reactions. Statistical significance associations were found between stress and scholar difficulties, socioeconomic class C2 and D (p = 0,013) and asthma symptoms in a period less than or equal to 7 years (p = 0,003). These associations remained after logistic regression model. There was no statistical significance association between asthma gravity and stress. CONCLUSIONS: more than one-third of children and adolescents with asthma were stressed. This rate was higher in lower socioeconomic classes and in those patients with scholar difficulties and with symptoms of asthma in a period less than or equal to 7 years.(AU)

OBJETIVOS: verificar a presença do estresse em crianças e adolescentes com asma e avaliar a associação do estresse com variáveis clínicas e psicossociais. MÉTODO: estudo transversal com crianças e adolescentes asmáticos entre 7 e 12 anos de idade, atendidos em ambulatório de pneumologia pediátrica. Utilizou-se a Escala de Estresse Infantil, o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil e questionário padronizado para coleta de informações. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste qui-quadrado, curva ROC, teste exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney, sendo utilizado o modelo de regressão logística após análise univariada. RESULTADOS: o estresse foi detectado em 38 por cento (19/50) dos pacientes, com predomínio de reações psicológicas. Foram encontradas associações com significância estatística entre o estresse e dificuldades escolares (p = 0,026), classe sócio-econômica C2 e D (p=0,013) e sintomas da doença há sete anos ou menos (p = 0,0037). Estas associações permaneceram após a regressão logística. Não foram encontradas associações com significância estatística entre a gravidade da asma e o estresse. CONCLUSÕES: houve estresse em mais de um terço dos casos de crianças e adolescentes com asma. Houve maior frequência de estresse em crianças e adolescentes de classes sócio-econômicas desfavorecidas e naqueles que apresentavam sintomas de asma em período inferior ou igual a 7 anos e com dificuldades escolares.(AU)

O estresse em crianças e adolescentes com asma / Stress in children and adolescents with asthma

Objetivos: verificar a presença do estresse em crianças e adolescentes com asma e avaliar a associação do estresse com variáveis clínicas e psicossociais. Método: estudo transversal com crianças e adolescentes asmáticos entre 7 e 12 anos de idade, atendidos em ambulatório de pneumologia pediátrica. Utilizou-se a Escala de Estresse Infantil, o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil equestionário padronizado para coleta de informações. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste qui-quadrado, curva ROC, teste exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney, sendo utilizado o modelo de regressão logística após análise univariada. Resultados: o estresse foi detectado em 38 por cento (19/50) dos pacientes, com predomínio de reações psicológicas. Foram encontradas associações com significância estatística entre o estresse e dificuldades escolares (p = 0,026), classe sócio-econômica C2 e D (p=0,013) e sintomas da doença há sete anos ou menos (p = 0,0037). Estas associaçõespermaneceram após a regressão logística. Não foram encontradas associações com significância estatística entre a gravidade da asma e o estresse. Conclusões: houve estresse em mais de um terço dos casos de crianças e adolescentes com asma. Houve maior frequência de estresse em crianças e adolescentes de classes sócio-econômicas desfavorecidas e naqueles que apresentavam sintomas de asma em período inferior ou igual a 7 anos e com dificuldades escolares.

Quality of life in children and teenagers with atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Atopic Dermatitis is a disease which has increased during the past years despite our improved understanding of it. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of Atopic Dermatitis in the quality of life of children and teenagers and their family. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional method with prospective data collection of 50 children and teenagers diagnosed with Atopic Dermatitis ranging in age from 5-16 years. Fifty parents and/or guardians answered the quality of life questionnaires The Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index and Family Dermatitis Impact Questionnaire. The socio-demographic and clinical variables were evaluated by a clinical record chart designed specifically for the research and socioeconomic standardized questionnaire by the Brazilian Association of Research Enterprises, which evaluates assets acquired and the educational level of the head of the household. RESULTS: Thirty-five out of the 50 patients were female (70%), and 28 (56%) of them were from social class C. The Questionnaire Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index showed that 19 (38%) patients ranged from 7 to 12 points (moderate impact of atopic dermatitis) and 17 patients (34%) ranged from 13 to 30 points (high impact of atopic dermatitis). The Family Dermatitis Impact Questionnaire revealed that 15 (30%) families had scores between 7 and 12 points and 22 families (44%) scored between 13 and 30 points. CONCLUSION: The results show that there is a very high impact on the QoL for atopic dermatitis patients and their families. This makes us suggest the importance of including the quality of life study in clinical evaluations.

Quality of life in children and teenagers with atopic dermatitis / Qualidade de vida das crianças e adolescentes com dermatite atópica

BACKGROUND: Atopic Dermatitis is a disease which has increased during the past years despite our improved understanding of it. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of Atopic Dermatitis in the quality of life of children and teenagers and their family. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional method with prospective data collection of 50 children and teenagers diagnosed with Atopic Dermatitis ranging in age from 5-16 years. Fifty parents and/or guardians answered the quality of life questionnaires The Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index and Family Dermatitis Impact Questionnaire. The socio-demographic and clinical variables were evaluated by a clinical record chart designed specifically for the research and socioeconomic standardized questionnaire by the Brazilian Association of Research Enterprises, which evaluates assets acquired and the educational level of the head of the household. RESULTS: Thirty-five out of the 50 patients were female (70%), and 28 (56%) of them were from social class C. The Questionnaire Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index showed that 19 (38%) patients ranged from 7 to 12 points (moderate impact of atopic dermatitis) and 17 patients (34%) ranged from 13 to 30 points (high impact of atopic dermatitis). The Family Dermatitis Impact Questionnaire revealed that 15 (30%) families had scores between 7 and 12 points and 22 families (44%) scored between 13 and 30 points. CONCLUSION: The results show that there is a very high impact on the QoL for atopic dermatitis patients and their families. This makes us suggest the importance of including the quality of life study in clinical evaluations.

FUNDAMENTOS: A dermatite atópica é uma doença cuja prevalência vem aumentando nos últimos anos apesar do conhecimento crescente sobre a mesma. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida das crianças e adolescentes com dermatite atópica e de suas famílias. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal descritivo com coleta prospectiva de dados de 50 crianças e adolescentes de 5 a 16 anos, com diagnóstico de DA e 50 pais ou responsáveis dos mesmos através da utilização de dois questionários de qualidade de vida, o Qualidade de Vida na Dermatologia Infantil e o Impacto da Dermatite Atópica na Família. As variáveis sócio-demográficas e clínicas foram avaliadas por uma ficha clínica elaborada especificamente para a pesquisa, os aspectos socioeconômicos, pelo questionário padronizado da Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa, que avalia bens adquiridos e o grau de instrução do chefe da família. RESULTADOS: Havia 35/50 (70%) pacientes do sexo feminino; 28(56%) da classe social C. Através do questionário Qualidade de Vida na Dermatologia Infantil observou-se que: 19 (38%) pacientes ficaram na faixa de 7 a 12 pontos (impacto moderado da dermatite atópica) e 17 (34%), na faixa de 13 a 30 pontos (impacto elevado da dermatite atópica). Pelo questionário Impacto da Dermatite Atópica na Família observou-se: 15 (30%) famílias apresentaram escores entre 7 e 12 pontos e 22 (44%) entre 13 e 30 pontos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram que a repercussão da doença na vida dos pacientes com dermatite atópica e de suas famílias é alta, o que nos faz sugerir que seria importante inserir o estudo da qualidade de vida na avaliação clínica dos mesmos.

Hemossiderose pulmonar idiopática tratada com azatioprina: relato de caso em criança / Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis treated with azathioprine in a child

A hemossiderose pulmonar idiopática (HPI), principal causa de hemossiderose pulmonar em crianças, cursa com sangramento alveolar intermitente e presença de hemossiderófagos no escarro ou no lavado gástrico. O tratamento é baseado nos corticoesteróides e citostáticos, em condições especiais. Descreve-se o caso de uma menina de sete anos com HPI, que conseguiu controle parcial da doença mediante altas doses de corticoesteróide. O tratamento, no entanto, necessitou ser suspenso gradualmente visto a paciente ter desenvolvido fácies cushingóide. Foi iniciada a associação da azatioprina ao corticóide até a substituição total por azatioprina isolada, cujo uso foi mantido por quatro anos, com ótimo resultado.

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH), the main cause of pulmonary hemosiderosis in children, is characterized by intermittent alveolar bleeding and hemosiderin-laden macrophages in sputum and in gastric lavage. The treatment is based on corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs, under special conditions. We describe the case of a 7-year-old girl with IPH who achieved partial clinical remission with high doses of corticosteroids. However, the treatment had to be discontinued because the patient developed Cushing's syndrome. Treatment was started with an azathioprine-corticosteroid combination and then changed to azathioprine alone, which was maintained for four years, with excellent results.

[Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis treated with azathioprine in a child]. / Hemossiderose pulmonar idiopática tratada com azatioprina: relato de caso em criança.

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH), the main cause of pulmonary hemosiderosis in children, is characterized by intermittent alveolar bleeding and hemosiderin-laden macrophages in sputum and in gastric lavage. The treatment is based on corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs, under special conditions. We describe the case of a 7-year-old girl with IPH who achieved partial clinical remission with high doses of corticosteroids. However, the treatment had to be discontinued because the patient developed Cushing's syndrome. Treatment was started with an azathioprine-corticosteroid combination and then changed to azathioprine alone, which was maintained for four years, with excellent results.

Signs and symptoms indicative of community-acquired pneumonia in infants under six months.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the clinical signs and symptoms predicting bacterial and viral pneumonia, in accordance with the Brazilian National Control Program for Acute Respiratory (ARI). METHODS: Observational prospective study. Seventy-six children from birth to six months of age who had pneumonia were studied in the emergency room. The patients were subdivided into two groups, based on radiological findings (gold-standard): 47 had bacterial pneumonia, and 29 had viral pneumonia. The frequencies, sensitivities, and specificities of the signs and symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS: The sensibilities and sensitivities of general findings in bacterial pneumonia were, respectively: fever 53.2%/40.0%; hypoactivity 68.4%/55.6% and prostration detected by the doctor 72.7%/55.0%. The same findings in viral pneumonias showed, respectively: 37.9%/40.0%, 66.7%/55.6% and 66.7%/55.6%. The sensibilities and sensitivities of respiratory findings in bacterial pneumonia were, respectively: coughing 66.0/38.1%, Respiratory rate = 50 ripm 76.6%/38.1%, altered respiratory auscultation 91.3%/10.5%, and chest indrawing 46.7%/80.0%. The same findings in viral pneumonias were, respectively: 69.0%/38.1%, 86.2%/38.1%, 85.7%/10.5% and 44.8%/80.0%. CONCLUSION: Analysis of signs and symptoms in each group did not distinguish bacterial from viral pneumonia. Our findings reinforce the adequacy of the ARI program in Brazil, which gives an early diagnosis of pneumonia, independent of its etiology.

Signs and symptoms indicative of community-acquired pneumonia in infants under six months

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the clinical signs and symptoms predicting bacterial and viral pneumonia, in accordance with the Brazilian National Control Program for Acute Respiratory (ARI). METHODS: Observational prospective study. Seventy-six children from birth to six months of age who had pneumonia were studied in the emergency room. The patients were subdivided into two groups, based on radiological findings (gold-standard): 47 had bacterial pneumonia, and 29 had viral pneumonia. The frequencies, sensitivities, and specificities of the signs and symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS: The sensibilities and sensitivities of general findings in bacterial pneumonia were, respectively: fever 53.2 percent/40.0 percent; hypoactivity 68.4 percent/55.6 percent and prostration detected by the doctor 72.7 percent/55.0 percent. The same findings in viral pneumonias showed, respectively: 37.9 percent/40.0 percent, 66.7 percent/55.6 percent and 66.7 percent/55.6 percent. The sensibilities and sensitivities of respiratory findings in bacterial pneumonia were, respectively: coughing 66.0/38.1 percent, Respiratory rate = 50 ripm 76.6 percent/38.1 percent, altered respiratory auscultation 91.3 percent/10.5 percent, and chest indrawing 46.7 percent/80.0 percent. The same findings in viral pneumonias were, respectively: 69.0 percent/38.1 percent, 86.2 percent/38.1 percent, 85.7 percent/10.5 percent and 44.8 percent/80.0 percent. CONCLUSION: Analysis of signs and symptoms in each group did not distinguish bacterial from viral pneumonia. Our findings reinforce the adequacy of the ARI program in Brazil, which gives an early diagnosis of pneumonia, independent of its etiology.

Síndrome de Swyer-James/Macleod: relato de um caso em criança / Swyer-James/MacLeod syndrome: case report in child

Os autores relatam o caso de criança do sexo masculino com hipertransparência pulmonar unilateral e redução do volume do pulmão esquerdo, conseqúente a infecções respiratórias do trato inferior no primeiro ano de vida que configura a síndrome de Swyer-James ou de MacLeod. A broncoscopia foi normal e a arteriografia evidenciou diminuição de calibre da artéria pulmonar esquerda. O paciente foi acompanhado por mais de 10 anos, mantendo-se assintomático e sua função pulmonar, com padrão restritivo, não sofreu alteração dos oito aos 11 anos, época em que deixou de ser seguido.

Estudo de sinais e sintomas preditivos de pneumonia na infância e sua utilização em programas de controle de infecções respiratórias agudas (IRA) / Study of predictive signs and symptoms of pneumonia in children and its use in control programs of acute respiratory infections (ARI)

Foram estudadas 469 crianças de 0 a 12 anos com infecção respiratória aguda (IRA) atendidas no Serviço de Emergência (SEP) do IPPMG-UFRJ e submetidas a exame radiológico de tórax...O trabalho pretende valorizar o diagnóstico clínico de pneumonia aguda, considerando as dificuldades de realização do exame radiológico a nível de rede primária de saúde e a ênfase dada à abordagens dos casos de pneumonia no manejo de crianças com IRA nas atuais normas a serem adotadas no pais.